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11. What effect does hyperventilation have on the oxygen binding affinity of hemoglobin ?
A. P50 and oxygen affinity decrease
B. P 50 and oxygen affinity increase
C. P 50 decreases and the oxygen affinity increases
D. P50 increase and the oxygen affinity decreases
12. The best stimulator of respiratory center is____________?
A. Decrease in arterial carbon dioxide level
B. Increase in arterial carbon dioxide level
C. Increase in arterial oxygen level
D. None of the above
13. Oxygen dissociation curve shifts to the right by all of the following except_____________?
A. Rise in temperature
B. Rise in carbon dioxide tension
C. Rise in pH
D. Rise in H+ ion
14. Most effective method of assessing breathing is by measuring____________?
A. Tidal volume
B. Respiratory rate
C. Alveolar ventilation
D. FEV 1
15. The major sign of hypoventilations_____________?
A. Cyanosis
B. Dyspnea
C. Hypercapnia
D. Hypoxia
16. During inspiration when the diaphragm contracts, the intrapleural pressure becomes_____________?
A. More negative
B. Less negative
C. Positive
D. Equal to the intra alveolar pressure
17. Tubuloglomerular feedback occurs in______________?
A. ADH secretion in collecting duct
B. Constant solute load on distal tubule
C. Macula densa
D. Balance between ascending and descending loop of henle
18. Most of the sodium is reabsorbed in_____________?
A. PCT
B. DCT
C. Loop of henle
D. Vasa recta
19. The renal blood flow in (in ml/mt) is______________?
A. 250
B. 800
C. 1260
D. 1500
20. Ammonia in the kidney tubules is excreted in exchange for______________?
A. HCO3-
B. Na+
C. CL-
D. PO4-2